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Please provide revision notes for cbse class 10 chemistry for chapter ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

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| Acids | Bases |
| – Sour in taste | – Bitter in taste |
| – Change the blue litmus to red | – Change red litmus to blue |
| – eg.HydrochloricAcidHCl | eg. Sodiumhydroxide NaOH |
| – SulphuricAcidH2SO4 | PotassiumhydroxideKOH |
| – NitricAcidHNO3 | CalciumhydroxideCa(OH)2 |
| – AceticAcid CH3 COOH | – AmmoniumhydroxideNH4OH |

| Some Naturally occuring acids |
| Vinegar – | Acetic Acid |
| Orange – | Citric Acid |
| Lemon – | Citric Acid |
| Tamarind – | Tartaric Acid |
| Tomato – | OxalicAcid |
| Sour milk (Curd) – | Lactic Acid |
| Ant and Nettle sting – | Methanoic Acid |

Acid – Base Indicators – Indicate the presence of an acid or base in a
solution.
Litmus solution – It is a natural indicator. It is a purple day extracted from
Lichens. Other examples are Red Cabbage and **** petals of Petunia
and turmeric.
Olfactory indicators – Show odour changes in acidic or basic media. eg. onion and clove.

Dilute Acid : Contains only a small amounts of acid and a large amount of
water.
Concentrated Acid : A concentrated acid contains a large amount of acid and a small amount of water.
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen

Pop test : When a burning candle is brought near a test tube containing hydrogen gas it burns with a ‘Pop’ sound. This test is conducted for examining the presence of hydrogen gas.

Base + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen
NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2

              Sodium Zincate  

Note – Such reactions are not possible with all the metals.

Strength of an Acid or Base
Strength of acids and bases depends on the no. of H+ions and OH–ions
produced respectively.
With the help of a universal indicator we can find the strength of an acid or
base. This indicator is called PH scale.
pH = Potenz in ** means power.
This scale measures from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline) 7 Neutral
(water in Neutral).
pH paper : Is a paper which is used for measuring PH.

– strong Acids give rise to more H+ions.
eg. HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3.
– Weak Acids give rise to less H+ ions
eg. CH3 COOH, H2 CO3 (Carbonic acid)
– Strong Bases – Strong bases give rise to more OH– ions.
eg. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
– Weak Bases : give rise to less OH– ions.
eg. NH4OH

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