In 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directorate and framed a Consulate in France, which consisted of three Consuls (17991801). He himself was the First Consul and later he became Consul for life in 1802. Napoleon defeated Austrians in Italy, defeated Britain in 1802. He established numerous small republics in Italy, Germany and Belgium. After these victories he became the Emperor of France and the Pope attended his Coronation Ceremony in 1804. He was at the height of his political and military glory between 1808-1810. He was finally defeated in 1815 in the Battle of Waterloo. He was exiled to St. Helena Island where he **** in 1821.
