(a) Tyndall effect- scattering of light by colloidal particles by which path of beam becomes clearly visible. this effect is known as tyndal effect.
(b) Brownian movement-zig-zag motion of colloidal particles.
(c) Hardy Sehulze Law - Coagulating value of a coagulating ion is directly proportional to the charge on the ion.
e.g: Na+< Ca++< Al3+ for negatively changed sol.
Cl- < CO32- < PO43- < [Fe (CN)6]4- for positive sol.
