Applications of Gauss Law
The Gauss Law of electrostatics relates the net electric field flux through a complete surface * of some volume V to the net electric charge inside that volume,
For a highly symmetric configuration of electric charges, the Gauss Law can be used to obtain the electric field E without taking any hard integrals. Instead, one uses a Gaussian surface whose symmetry alone assures that E is normal to the surface and has constant magnitude along the surface. Consequently, the flux through such a surface is simply
hence by Gauss Law (1),
