First of all we should note that a converging lens is a convex lens. Since the distance given in this problem are quite large and inconvenient to draw in the note-book, so we have to choose a suitable scale.
Let 1cm represent a distance of 5cm. On this scale:
(i) A 5 cm high object can be represented by 1cm.
(ii) Object distance of 25 cm can be shown by 5cm.
(iii) Focal length of 10 cm can be represented by 2cm.
Keeping these distances in mind, we will draw the ray-diagram now.
First of all draw a horizontal line to represent the principal axis of the convex lens. A convex lens is then drawn with its optical centre C on the axis. The (centre line) aperture of the convex lens has been shown by the line DE. We assume that the refraction of light takes place at the aperture. The focal length of this lens is 2cm, so we mark its two focal F’ and F at a distance of 2cm on both the sides of the lens. And to represent the object, we draw and arrow AB, 1cm high at a distance of 5 cm from the centre C of the lens on its left side.
In order to find out the position of image, we draw two rays of light starting from the top point A of the object. The line AD is drawn parallel to the principal axis to represent a parallel ray of light. This ray cuts the aperture at a point P. Now this parallel ray of light will pass through the focus F. So we join D and F by a straight line and produce this line further towards X. Thus, DX represent the first refracted ray. We now draw a second ray of light passing through the optical centre C of the lens which goes straight without any deviation.
For this purpose we join AC and produce it further downwards towards Y. Now, CY represents the second refracted ray The two refracted rays DX and CY meet at point A’. We draw A’B’ perpendicular to the principal axis. Now A’B’ represents the real and inverted image of the object AB.
(i) To find the position of image, we measure the distance CB’. It is found to be 3.3 cm. And to obtain the actual position of image we have to multiply this distance by 5. Since 1 cm represents a distance of 5 cm. Thus the position of image is 3.3 × 5 = 16.5 cm from the convex lens on the opposite side of the object.
(ii) If we look at the image formed in the figure, we find that the nature of image is—real and inverted.
(iii) And to find the size of the image, we measure the height A’B’ in the figure. It is found to be 0.7cm. For obtaining the actual size of image, we have to multiply it by 5. Thus, the size of image is 0.7 × 5 = 3.5cm. So, the image is smaller than the object i.e., diminished.
