(i) Charles Dickens wrote about the terrible effects of industrialisation on people’* lives and characters. His novel Hard Times (1854) describes Coketown, a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimneys, rivers polluted purple and buildings that all looked the same. Here workers are known as ‘hands’, as if they had no identity other than as operators of machines.
(ii) Dickens criticised not just the greed for profits, but also the ideas that reduced human beings into simple instruments of production. Dickens focused on the terrible conditions of urban life under industrial capitalism.
(iii) His Oliver Twist (1838) is the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty ***** and beggars. Brought up in a cruel workhouse, Oliver was finally adopted by a wealthy man and lived happily ever after.
