a. Shifting Agriculture
i. A piece of land is cleared in the forest by felling trees or ‘slash-n-****’.
ii. Seeds are directly planted without ploughing the land.
iii. Root crops like yam and tapioca, which can be preserved for a longer ** of time, are grown.
iv. Tribal and nomadic people in the north-eastern states of India practise shifting agriculture.
v. After 2 or 3 years, the soil loses fertility and as a result, is abandoned. The farmers then move elsewhere.
b. Subsistence Agriculture
i. The main objective of subsistence agriculture is consumption by the farmer’* family.
ii. The farm is entirely managed by farmer’* family members.
iii. All the work is done manually and traditional methods are followed.
iv. Farms are small in size.
c. Plantation Agriculture
i. Plantation agriculture is carried on in huge estates.
ii. A single crop is grown on the estate.
iii. Requires a lot of investment and labour.
iv. The crop takes a few years to give yield.
v. Scientific methods are used.
vi. Yield is sold directly to the market and even exported.
d. Mixed Farming
i. In mixed farming, the farmer uses some part of his land to carry on additional activities like cattle rearing, poultry or fishing.
ii. The farmer earns additional income from the activities.
iii. The farmer reduces the risks associated with agriculture in this manner.
