Find the gradients of the lines joining the following pairs of points:
a. (cp, c/p), (cq, c/q)
b.(ap2, 2ap), (aq2, 2aq)
c. (acossθ, bsinsθ), (acosφ, bsinφ).
a. Gradient = (c/q - c/p)/(cq - cp) = (p - q)/pq(q - p) = - 1/pq