(a) Regionalism. Regionalism gives more importance to one‘ own region than to one‘ nation. When regionalism is linked with language and religion it creates regional interests rather than national interests.
(b) Casteism. Casteism is a divisive force. One section considers another section as inferior. They are exploited. Positions and opportunities are monopolized by a particular section. It creates enmity among the other castes. Caste organizations interfere in politics..
(c) Communalism. Communalism is not believing in any particular religion or observing its rites. Excessive affinity to one’* own religion transforms into hatred towards other religions. Thus religious fanaticism arises. When religion, caste and race are used to make social and political gains, it is called communalism.
