1. Division of Powers: A federal government is characterized by the existence of two governments- the centre and the local government created on the basis of division of powers. Both are independent and autonomous within their spheres of powers and yet interdependent. The residuary powers rests with the centre in some states (e.g. India) and in the hands of local units in some states (e.g. Great Britain).
2. Supremacy of the constitution: In a Federal system, the power enjoyed by the centre and local units is original because both derive their powers from the constitution. This avoids any confusion or contention in sharing of power. The division of powers is based on necessity and convenience
3. Written and rigid constitution: The constitution in a federal government would definitely be rigid because it has to deal with powers related to both centre and local governments. Each and every’ detail should be explained in a written form in order to avoid any clash of jurisdiction or possible over-lapping of responsibilities. The amendment procedure would be rigid which protects the interest of the federation from frequent, mindless changes to the constitution.
4. Special provision for settlement of disputes: In a presidential system, in order to settle disputes arising between the states or between centre and the states, the judiciary has been assigned the job of interpreting the provisions of the constitution, thus acting as custodian and guardian of the constitution.
5. Power of amendment: In a presidential system, to amend the constitution both the centre and the local governments have been assigned with equal powers. No constitutional amendment can be made without the consent of federal units.
