The different type of pollution are:
1. Air Pollution: Air pollution refers to the presence of any unwanted gases, dust particles, etc. in the air, that can cause damage to people as well as nature.
Causes of Air Pollution:
- Emission of fumes from vehicles.
- Emission of smoke, dust and chemicals from manufacturing plants.
- Emission of gases and dust arising from atomic plants.
- Emission of smoke from oil refineries,burning of trees and plants in forests, burning of coal, etc.
Effects of Air Pollution:
- Presence of gases in air, which are not required by human beings, animals and birds, creates serious health problems. It can create **** like asthma, cough and cold, blindness, hearing loss, skin ***, etc.
- It reduces natural visibility and irritates the eyes and respiratory tract.
- Ozone layer gets depleted because of air pollution and thereby causes gene mutation, genetic defects and skin **.
2. Water Pollution: Water pollution refers to contamination of water due to presence of unwanted and harmful substances thus, making water unfit for use.
Causes of Water Pollution:
- Drainage of human excreta into rivers, canals etc.
- Improper sanitation and sewage system.
- Dumping of wastes and effluents by various industrial units into the rivers and canals.
- Drainage of toxic substances like chemicals and fertilizers used in cultivation, into streams and rivers.
Effects of Water Pollution:
- It can create health hazards among human beings, animals and birds. **** like typhoid, jaundice, cholera, gastroenteritis, etc. are common.
- It can endanger lives of various aquatic species.
- It can lead to scarcity of drinking water as the water of rivers and canals as well as underground water get polluted.
3. Land Pollution: Land Pollution refers to dumping of useless, unwanted as well as hazardous substances on the land that degrades the quality of soil we use.
Causes of Land Pollution:
- Excessive use of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides in cultivation.
- Disposal of solid waste of industries mines and quarries.
- Disposal of solid waste from construction of roads, buildings, etc.
- Effluents of some plants like paper, sugar, etc. which are not absorbed by soil.
- Excessive use of plastic bags, which are non-biodegradable.
Effects of Land Pollution:
- Reduces the quantum of cultivable land area.
- Causes health hazards as it contaminates the sources of food.
- Causes damage to the landscape.
- Leads to water and air pollution.
4. Noise Pollution: Noise simply means an unwanted sound that causes irritation. It is caused by modem machines and gadgets such as rail engines, loud speakers, generators, aeroplanes, vehicles, machineries, telephones, televisions, etc. Noise pollution can cause loss of hearing, headache, irritation, high blood pressure, neurological or psychological disorders, etc.
