Feudalism developed in Western Europe. It was restricted to the periods between 5th and 12th centuries C.E. The 5th century marked the fall of the Roman Empire and the 12th century marked the emergence of national Monarchies. Feudalism in general stands for the decentralized system of governance and economy based on land.
The merits of feudalism are:
Feudalism helped the growth of decentralized political administration. The King was not only advised by Vassals but at times he was forced to accept their terms and conditions. This checked the growth of absolute monarchy.
Feudalism helped to preserve monarchy and Monarchs sanctioned fiefs to Vassals, who in turn took an oath of loyalty and cooperation to ***** for him.
In due course of time, feudalism helped the growth of ‘strong Monarchy’ as the feudal Lords became the courtiers of the Monarchs.
No doubt the King and Vassals had personal interests, yet they were united against invasions. This led to national defense and the rise of nationalism.
The constant conflict helped the growth of military techniques in terms of better arms, training, and organization. It encouraged the concept of chivalry. The Nobles and Knights – became more mindful towards the poor and needy. Chivalry also developed respect towards *****.
Feudalism brought stability and order in the society. The collective defense and maintenance of law and order within the feudal estate ensured protection and justice to the people.
Feudalism also developed a sense of duty and order. It was the King’* duty to protect the rights of the Vassals over their lands, and that of Vassals to protect their serfs. Likewise, the serfs had their duties towards Vassals and Vassals towards Kings.
Demerits of feudalism:
There were often skirmishes and wars between Vassals or between Vassals and Kings. So there was no stability, peace, and order. It had its own impact on society and the economy.
The vassals always favoured nominal Monarchy and were against National Government and National interest.
The Nobles were self-interested. Their tyranny led to the sufferings of commoners and serfs. Serfs were the victims of ****. Often, war by nobles and war expenses led to the overtaxing of common people.
The loyalty of the people was restricted to the feudal Lords and not the Nation or King, which was a hindrance to the growth of Nationhood.
Feudalism increased the gap between the rich and the poor. The poor led a subsistent life whereas the nobles led a life of leisure and idleness.
The ** also participated in a feudal system. It had vast lands and worked like feudal Lords. There were also conflicts. between the Bishops and Kings and his Vassals.
