Basic Characteristics of Object-Oriented Programming:
1. Objects:
- An object represents an individual, identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in the problem domain/An object may be tangible things like a car, printer, is the sentence incomplete.
- In object-oriented programming, a problem is analyzed in terms of objects. Each object contains data and code to manipulate the data. It can be defined as Object = Data + Methods or functions
2. Classes:
A class may be defined as a collection of similar objects. In other words, it is a general name for all similar objects. For example, mango, apple, banana all may be described under the common name fruits. A class serves as a blueprint or a plan or a template.
3. Inheritance:
Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of objects of another class. Inheritance allows to create classes which are derived from other classes so that they automatically include their “parent’*” properties, plus their own. The concept of inheritance provides the idea of reusability, which means additional features can be added to an existing class without modifying it.
4. Reusability:
The reusability implies the reuse of existing code in another program without modification to it. The concept of inheritance provides the basis for reusability in OOP.
5. Creating new data types:
Creating a class in object-oriented programming can be considered as creating new data types.
6. Polymorphism and overloading:
The property of object-oriented programming polymorphism is the ability to take more than one form in different instances. For example, the same function name can be used for different purposes. Similarly, the same operator can be used for different operations.
