1. High Birth Rate – High birth rate is the dominate factor in rapid growth of population in India. It was 492 in 1901 and has declined to 22.22 per thousand in -2011.
Causes for high birth rate : There are several causes for high birth
rate in India. For example : Early marriage, Universal marriage, religious and superstitions, family system, illiteracy polygamy, predominance of agriculture, **, slow urbanization process, tropical climate etc. All these factors have been caused directly or indirectly for high birth rate.
2. Low Birth rate: rate was very high (42.6) in 1901, but it was sharply declined to 6.4 per thousand persons) in 2011. Causes for low rate : There are many causes for declining trend of deathrate they are control of epidemics, decline in the incidence of Malaria and tuberculosis expansion of medical facilities, control of infant mortality, spread of education, improvement in the nutrition level etc, due to all of these programs and activities, ***** rate has been declining from one decade to another.
The Rapid growth of population has led to a number of problems as follows:-
1. Unemployment and Underemployment: It has been increasing from year to year. It has badly affected on young educated people both in rural and urban areas.
2. Shortage of food & Malnutrition : A large number of people are poorly fed. Malnutrition is prevailing throughout the country. It is fatal for the development of the country.
- Burden on Civic & Social Amenities : Education, health and medical, housing, drinking water, electricity and problems increases.
4. Low per’capita income : The increase in per capita income is only 15% annually. Low per capiia income has a direct impact on the economic condition of the people.
5. Increase of Unproductive population : Below 15 years (Infants) and above 60 years (old age) are unproductive. They are dependent on earning persons. Thus rapid growth has increased dependents rather than producers. . .
6. Others: Slow in economic development, mass **, low standard of living, political unrest and the social problems like theft robbery, immortality, **** and the growth of slums, environment pollution are also directly related to the popuahion ****.
