The important factors are:
1. Physical features – The Mountain and hilly regions are most unstable for human habitation. For example; Northern Mountain, Western and Eastern Ghats, North Eastern hilly regions are moderately populated. The fertile great plains of North India and the river deltas have high density of population.
2. Climate – The density of population is high in good climatic regions. But the-very hot or cold and very dry climatic regions have low density of population.
3. Soils – The fertile soil regions have high crop productivity. So, the Northern, Eastern and Western coastal plains are most densely populated. In contrast, infertile sandy areas are less productive and they are low populated.
4. Resources – Mineral and power resources promote rapid economic development. Therefore, such areas are densly populated. For example, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal etc.
5. Industries, Trade and Commerce – Highly industrialized, Commercial and business areas of the country have densly populated. For example Mumbai, Surat, Bhilai, Duigapur, Bangalore etc.
6. Security – People like to stay in a good security of life and property. Hence it is also influenced on population distribution. For example, Border areas of Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan are sparsely populated.
