Anglo-Mysore wars (1767-1799): The first Anglo-Mysore war (1767-1769) The British after establishing supremacy in Bengal, waged war against Mysore to expand their Empire. Tippu had participated in his father’* campaigns and had gained sufficient military experience. In 1766, he fought against the Paliagars of Balam. In 1767-1769, in the first Anglo-Mysore war, he took his army towards Madras. Later, he helped his father capture the forts of Tirupattur and Vaniyambadi.
The second Anglo-Mysore war (1780-1784): Ilyder Ali **** in 1782. His son Tippu Sultan continued the war. Tippu defeated the British at Wandiwash in 1783, and marched against Mangalore and besieged the fort. Negotiations for peace started between Tippu and ‘ British through signing the treaty of Mangalore in 1784. and the second Anglo-Mysore war ended with that.
Third Anglo-Mysore war (1790-1792): The third Anglo-Mysore war was again fought between Tippu Sultan and the British. Tippu’ rise caused and jealousy among the Britishers. Tippu was trying to get the help of the French to expel the British from India. War broke out with Tippu’ unprovoked **** on Travancore in 1789, whose ruler was an ally of the British. British Governor General, Lord Cornwallis was waiting for fora pretext to wage a war against Tippu.
He formed a coalition consisting of the British, the Nizam and the Marathas against Tippu, and attacked Sirangapattana. Tippu could not ***** this combined army and he began to lose ground. They besieged his capital Srirangapattana in 1792. Forced by circumstances, Tippu signed the most humiliating treaty of Srirangapattana in March 1792.
Treaty of Srirangapattana in 1792: The terms of the treaty were: 1) Tippu had to surrender half of his Kingdom to the British and their allies. 2) Tippu agreed to pay a war indemnity of 3.5 crores (30 lakh pounds) to the British. As he did not have enough money, he had to send two of his sons to the British as hostages.
Fourth Anglo-Mysore war (1798-1799): Tippu could not reconcile to the defeat and humiliation in the third Anglo-Mysore war and was determined to drive out the British from India. He again started negotiations with France, Turkey, Kabul, Afghanistan etc. by sending his delegations but he could not get any help. Lord Wellesley forced him to sign the subsidiary Alliance, which he refused, As a result war became inevitable.
Lord Wellesley sent a powerful army along with the Marathas and Nizam. Tippu was defeated in the battle of Siddeshwara and Malavalli. On fourth May 1799, the British besieged the fort of Srirangapattana. The fort was bombarded and the ** entered’the fort. Tippu * fighting in the battle and the British captured Srirangapattana.
After the ***** of Tippu, his territories were divided among the British, the Marathas and the Nizam. A portion of his Kingdom was given to the Wodeyars of Mysore. Krishnaraja Wodeyar-III became the King of Mysore.
