The branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation is called genetics Gregor Johann Mendel was the first person to carry out experiment regarding the heredity of certain characters from one generation to another in a scientific manner. He worked mainly on the garden pea plant.
His observations regarding the occurance of contrasting characters in various generations of garden pea led him to interpret that these are controlled by units which he called factors. These factors are today know as genes. He is also know as the ‘father of genetics’.
