Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around “objects” rather than “actions” and data rather than logic of the program. Object-oriented programming method modularizes a program by creating a memory area for data and member functions together as a single entity.
The following are the basic concepts of object oriented programming.
1. Object:
An object is a combination of code and data that can be treated as a unit. An object can be considered any real time entity (existing thing) that can perform a set of related activities.
2. Class:
The class is a collection of objects that have similar properties and common behavior.
3. Data Abstraction:
The process of hiding the representation of various data items and implementation details of a function from the user program is called data abstraction.
4. Encapsulation:
It is the method of combining the data, attributes, and methods in the same entity is called encapsulation.
5. Function overloading:
Two or more functions with the same name is called function overloading.
6. Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is a Greek word that means Many Shapes. In OOP Polymorphism means the ability to take on many forms. The term is applied both to objects and to functions.
7. Inheritance:
Inheritance is the process by which new objects can acquire the properties of an existing objects of other class.
