What is the most satisfactory explanation for the popularity of Bhakti movement?
(a) It was the response of Hinduism to the challenge posed by Islam which looked superior because of its concept of one ***, simplicity of worship, and universal brotherhood
(b) It was a new edition of the old theistic view of ***
(c) It was an answer to the loneliness of Hindus and Muslims in general, and more so that of the artisans and the cultivating class because of the stratified society of the day
(d) It was inspired by Sufism which had something in common with the traditonal asceticism of India
