Types of Intelligence Tests:
Individual or group tests based on contact: .
Individual Test:
(i) Administered to one individual at a time.
(ii) Requires the administrator to establish a rapport with the subject and be sensitive to his/her feelings, mood and expressions during the testing sessions which provides understanding of other aspects of subjects personality.
(iii) Allows people to answer orally or in written form or manipulate the objects as per the tester’* instructions.
• Example: Stanford Binet intelligence scale, WAIS, WISSC, Alexander Pass along test.
Group Test:
(i) Administered to several individuals at a time simultaneously.
(ii) Do not allow an opportunity to be familiar with the subjects’ feelings.
(iii) Seek answers in a Multiple-choice format.
(iv) It is relatively economical and less time consuming.
(v) Example: Group Test of Intelligence by Prayag Mehta, Group Test on Intelligence by *.Jalota.
Verbal, Non-verbal and Performance Tests based on Mode of Administration: Verbal Tests
(i) Requires subject to give verbal responses either orally or in written form.
(ii) Can be administered to literates only. ,
(iii) Example: CIE, Verbal Group Test, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale.
Non-verbal Test:
• Has pictures or illustrations as test items.
•Example: Ravens progressive matrices. In this test the subject examines an incomplete
pattern and chooses a figure from the alternatives that will complete the pattern.
•Reduces culture biases.
•Example: SRPM, CIE Non-verbal group test of Intelligence.
Performance Test:
•Requires the subject to manipulate objects to perform the test.
•Written language is not necessary for answering the items.
•Example: Kohs’ Block designs test. Here the subject is asked to arrange the blocks in a specified **** to produce a given design, Bhatia’ Battery performance test.
•Can be administered to persons from different cultures and reduce culture biases.
•Example: Draw a Man Test by Pramila Pathak, Kohs Block designs test.
Culture Biased or Culture Fair Tests based on Nature of Items used:
•Psychological tests that show a bias toward the culture in which they are developed are Culture Biased Tests.
•Tests developed-in-America and Europe represent an urban and middle class cultural ethos. (Middle class white subjects perform well on these tests). The items do not consider favourably to Asians and Africans.
• Culture Fair Tests: One does not discriminate against as individuals belong to different cultures.
• Non-verbal and Performance Tests reduce cultural influences. To overcome the limitation of Culture biased tests, Culture fair tests were developed, e.g. nonverbal and performance tests are called so because people of any culture could take them. For e.g. Standard progressive Matrices and Bhatia’* Battery Performance Test.
